New Evidence on RPV

Is there such a thing as retrospective pledge voting (RPV)? Thus, are government parties rewarded for pledge fulfilment? And do they have to fear electoral punishments if they fail to deliver on their election pledges? While there isn’t ample evidence supporting a reward effect, there is strong evidence of a punishment effect. This happened not only to the German liberal party FDP, that was sure of victory, but experienced a tremendous electoral loss in 2013 after having failed to keep many of its pledges.