Review Study on the Adaptive and Personalized Intelligent Tutoring Systems in E-learning

E-learning has been widely acknowledged as a “game-changer” in the global education system, and the COVID-19 pandemic crisis further demonstrated its value. Consequently, educational institutions worldwide have reconsidered the significance of this crucial learning method by adopting remote learning and teaching through various e-learning platforms. However, deploying virtual classrooms is challenging, including time consumption, technological costs, a lack of learner interactivity, and the mismatch between learners’ cognitive abilities and learning styles. Addressing these concerns, understanding learners’ styles, and providing tailored and personalized content have become primary objectives for many contemporary e-learning systems. In order to achieve adaptive and personalized learning (PL), a multitude of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) have been developed. Our literature review explicitly explores the advantages of ITSs in personalized and adaptive learning, as well as identifying some ITSs that integrate these features. Furthermore, our study aims to offer a comprehensive perspective on how and where ITSs can be beneficial for both personalized and adaptive learning (AL).