Review on the Reliability Analysis of Isolated Microgrids

Microgrids represent a transformative force in the power grid landscape, where the integration of renewable energy sources plays a central role in improving grid efficiency and resilience while securing an energy future more sustainable. Microgrids are typically composed of a diverse range of distributed energy resources allowing the Microgrid to harness green energy and deliver it directly to on-site customers. However, the successful integration of these renewable energy sources requires precise sizing to ensure service quality and minimize unavailability, which can stem from a wide range of factors. The reliability of these Microgrids remains a significant challenge due to limited redundancy and substantial fluctuations in resource availability and demand. Achieving secure and dependable Microgrid operation hinges on the development of advanced protection techniques. In this paper, a systematic exploration of Microgrids is undertaken. It begins by providing precise definitions for the fundamental concepts linked to reliability. The paper goes on to investigate specific aspects pertaining to isolated Microgrids. Subsequently, it introduces various methods currently employed for assessing unavailability. Moreover, it delivers a comprehensive review of the most recent advances in Microgrid protection systems. Ultimately, the article concludes by proposing potential enhancements for future developments in protection techniques within the Microgrid domain.