The Evolution of Kariat Arekmane Coast (Province of Nador-Morocco) Diachronic Study and Evaluation of Proposed Solutions

Kariat Arekmane, located in the Nador region of northeastern Morocco, has been the scene of significant coastal erosion over the years. This development has had detrimental consequences for the environment, local populations and economic activities. The causes of this erosion include natural factors such as waves and ocean currents, as well as human factors, notably overexploitation of marine resources and unregulated coastal development. To counter this phenomenon, a detailed analysis of coastline evolution was undertaken, with a granulometric study and time series analysis using the DSAS extension in a GIS-ARCGIS environment. The results revealed significant erosion, with average shoreline retreat of around 0.66 m/year along sandy coasts and cliff areas. The western beach saw an accretion of 0.21 m/year thanks to protective riprap. Overall, the average rate of change of the Kariat Arekmane coastline is 1.102 m/year. Sediment transport, influenced by longshore drift, was estimated at 60,000 m3 in the study area, while wind transit was measured at 4.5 m3/ml/year seaward and 13.5 m3/ml/year landward. Scientific research continues to play a key role in understanding coastal erosion at Kariat Arekmane, with studies on erosion processes, wave dynamics and the impacts of climate change. These efforts are aimed at anticipating future changes, guiding coastal management and protection measures, and ensuring the sustainable development of the region.