Gender Identity and Related Health Considerations

Exploration of gender identity is a sensitive process that impacts how people navigate all aspects of life, including healthcare. Increasing visibility of transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people across societies has been accompanied by a recent increase in the number of people seeking gender-affirming medical and surgical care; consequently, there is growing consensus in the medical community that health-care professionals have a responsibility to learn the skills needed to provide compassionate and comprehensive care for patients in this vulnerable population. Caring for TGD patients requires a deep understanding of (1) gender identity development, (2) the creation of safe environments for patients to explore gender identity and goals for transition, and (3) the pervasive psychosocial challenges that impact health and well-being. This chapter is unique in its discussion of these topics as it provides a longitudinal perspective on gender identity development and the implications of gender diversity on health outcomes.