Autism

Autism is a complex, lifelong neurodevelopmental condition that is marked by differences in social communication and interaction and repetitive or restrictive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Autistic characteristics can be both enabling and disabling, even for a particular individual, depending on a multitude of internal and external factors. However, autistic people may experience extra challenges during the transition to adulthood, which may interfere with their ability to access and receive adequate and appropriate health care. Understanding autism and the healthcare barriers experienced by autistic people can help providers address the complex needs of autistic individuals and mitigate the risks of additional health disparities. This chapter starts with a case presentation to illustrate key considerations for serving this patient population and the differences between a medical versus social model of disability. It then provides an overview of autism and its common co-occurring conditions, a discussion about special issues that arise during the transition to adulthood, examples of support for autistic people, and practical tips to facilitate health care.