Non-Coding RNAs and Diet

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have become important controllers of gene expression and cellular functions, with far-reaching effects on human health and disease. Recent research has illuminated the complex interactions between ncRNA profiles and food, highlighting their potential as important mediators of diet-induced physiological and pathological alterations. Few studies have focused on how various dietary components, such as macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive substances, affect ncRNA expression patterns. It has been demonstrated that a diet high in fiber, polyphenols, and omega-3 fatty acids changes gene regulation and cellular responses by modulating ncRNA expression. Additionally, research has shown that specific dietary elements can interact directly with ncRNAs and alter their stability, localization, and activity. In this chapter, we analyze how dietary elements affect ncRNA expression and function and how they play a role in many biological processes.