Innovation in Polymer Science—What to Expect from Green Chemistry

In recent years, synthetic polymers have become an integral part of our daily lives, with applications ranging from packaging and construction to automotive and electronics. However, this widespread use has led to significant environmental challenges, notably plastic pollution in oceans, rivers, and land. In response to this issue, there is ongoing research for the development and optimization of biobased and biodegradable polymers using green chemistry principles. These materials, derived from renewable resources like plants and microorganisms, hold the potential to substantially reduce the adverse environmental impacts associated with conventional plastics. The concept of biobased and biodegradable polymers is introduced and the associated international standards are reviewed. An overview of the field of bioplastics is provided, taking a comprehensive look at their production processes, diverse types, and the environmental considerations that surround their adoption. Various types of bioplastics are presented, including biobased but non-biodegradable polymers like biobased PE, PP, and PET, extracted polymers from plants or animals, like thermoplastic starch or chitosan, and biodegradable polyesters such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and polylactides (PLA). Additionally, the chapter explores the role of additives in formulating polymeric materials, which can significantly impact the environmental footprint of the final product and are source of innovation in green chemistry. It touches on the complexities of conducting life cycle assessments (LCAs) for bioplastics, resulting in difficulties of comparison of the ecological footprint of bioplastics to that of traditional petroleum-based plastics. Furthermore, the chapter highlights the role of green chemistry as a driving force behind the innovation of new polymer materials. By embracing sustainable and environmentally friendly principles, green chemistry is fostering the development of bioplastics with enhanced properties and reduced environmental impacts, particularly in sectors like packaging, where plastic consumption is high.