Measurement and Comparison of the Efficiency of the Permits Concession Processes of the Italian Municipalities

The Permanent Observatory on Local Public Administrations (Osservatorio Permanente sulle Pubblica Amministrazione Locale—OPPAL) survey aims at verifying the efficiency of the licence-issuing procedures applied by the Local Public Administration (LPA) in Italy. The goal is to promote transparency about times of approval of concession processes, as elements that determine the attractiveness of a territory for potential investors. The results of the questionnaire addressed to the Public Administrations are conveyed in a report, which is also characterized each year by a different in-depth theme on a specific sector. In the XIII Report 2020, in-depth analysis was dedicated to the topic of alternative financial instruments, including civic crowdfunding.