Multiband Monopole Antenna Design for Sub-6 GHz 5G Internet of Things Applications

Monopole antenna plays a vital role in mobile Internet of Things (IoT) applications because of its low cost, low form factor, and size. The SWaP-C (size, weight, and power-cost) constraints of mobile Internet of Things (IoT) device poses extra challenges for antenna designers. These challenges are due to the expected large-scale integration of various multifrequency transceiver subsystems such as 5G new radio (NR) sub-6 GHz (3.3–5 GHz), 5G NR mmWave (24–30 GHz), adaptive beamforming, and 4x4 multiple-input multiple-output capabilities presently challenging design considerations for 5G antenna development. This paper proposes a novel multiband planar monopole antenna for 5G sub-6 GHz NR frequency bands for mobile handsets, smart Internet of Things devices, and small satellites (including nanosatellites/CubeSats). The gain (dBi)-resonance frequency (MHz) responses of the proposed antenna are (1.86, 960), (3.6, 1910), (1.74, 2440), and (3.16, 3050) with bandwidths of 854–1043 MHz, 1673–2559 MHz, and 2932–3800 MHz.