Pressure Ulcers: Pathogenesis and Prevention
摘要
Pressure ulcers (PUs) are chronic wounds that are commonly encountered among older adults and frequently avoidable by complex preventative measures. The control of modifiable risk factors remains far more important than the choice of a correct dressing selection. The main factors involved in the pressure ulcers pathogenesis are pressure, shearing forces, friction, and moisture with underlying limited mobility and physiological skin changes. PUs are predominantly located in the lower body secondary to prolonged supine, lateral, or sitting positions. There are various risk assessment tools, including Braden, Norton, and Waterlow, typically used by nurses in hospital settings. These chronic wounds are mainly classified based on the stage and location. Prevention of PUs development requires a holistic approach and involvement of various levels of healthcare professionals, patients themselves, and their caregivers. The strategies must be employed in addressing the healing of pressure ulcers once they are detected and staged.