Xerosis is the most common aging dermatological condition, affecting 60% of the geriatric population greater than 70 years of age. Xerosis is one of the leading causes of discomfort and pruritus, with a significant impact on emotional and social distress especially in older people. Despite its high prevalence, xerosis is often underdiagnosed because it remains poorly acknowledged. As the skin ages, many physiological changes occur and impair its barrier function. One major change is the loss of the ability to replenish the lipid bilayer to retain moisture. Hence the skin becomes significantly more prone to dryness. This physiological alteration, along with multiple environmental and endogenous factors, plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of xerosis. The diagnosis is mainly based on history and clinical examination; management is directed to improve the overall skin hydration by replenishing lipids and restoring the barrier function of skin. Preventive measures have often proven to be more effective than topical treatment. Most topical dermatological preparations for xerosis contain a mixture of hydrophilic and lipophilic components, because these agents work better in combination than when used alone. Untreated xerosis may lead to permanent skin changes, infections, and allergic sensitization. Despite being a medical nuisance, xerosis is easily preventable by incorporation of routine skin care in daily life.