Optimizing Microstrip Patch Antenna Array Feeders for Efficient Wi-Fi Energy Harvesting

Wi-Fi energy harvesting is one of the most promising solutions for powering devices in daily life. Antennas play a crucial role in this system, influencing energy capture, power transfer efficiency, frequency selectivity, adaptability, and integration. High gain and low return loss are essential criteria. While prior studies explored patch antenna arrays with conventional feeders, this article introduces a novel approach: designing, simulating, and fabricating microstrip patch antenna arrays with 90-degree bend modifications and quarter-wave transformers in the microstrip lines at 2.45 GHz. The primary objective is to minimize reflection and maximize gain. Various prototypes, from single patches to 4 × 8 arrays, are simulated and compared to conventional feeders. Utilizing CST Tools for simulation and Bi-LSTM for optimization, we fabricate a 4 × 4 array of microstrip patch antennas. Measurement results with the N9912A FieldFox HandHeld RF Analyzer and ME1310 Antenna Training Kit (3D) Dream Catcher indicate a return loss of −30.2 dB and a gain of 17.3 dBi. This innovative design enhances Wi-Fi energy harvesting efficiency, especially when integrated with rectifiers, enabling sustainable power for wireless devices.