Risk Factors and Mechanisms of Cardiotoxicity in HSCT

CardiotoxicityCardiotoxicity in individuals undergoing HSCT is influenced by a variety of factors. To begin, it can be said that any previous cardiotoxic therapies, such as chest radiationChest radiation and anthracyclinesAnthracyclines, raise the risk of cardiotoxicityCardiotoxicity in the future. Furthermore, the development of comorbid disorders such as dyslipidemia (DLP), diabetes mellitusDiabetes Mellitus (DM), or hypertensionHypertension (HTN) as a result of HSCTHematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) or GVHD isGraft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) accompanied by an increased risk of cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular disease in the long run (Tuzovic et al. in Curr Oncol Rep 21(3):28, 2019). In addition, the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide, which is employed to preserve stem cells, are likely to have a role in cardiac events (Cox et al. JunCell Tissue Bank 13:203–215, 2012). Other HSCT-related comorbidities, such as sepsis (Ghafoor in Critical care of the pediatric immunocompromised hematology/oncology patient. Springer, Cham, pp. 211–235, 2009), thrombotic microangiopathy (Pfeiffer et al. in Bone Marrow Transp 52:630–633, 2017; Dandoy et al. in Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 19:1546–1556, 2013; Jodele et al. in Transfus Apher Sci 54:181–190, 2016), and hepatic veno-occlusive disease (Ovchinsky et al. in Biol Blood Marrow Transp 24:207–218, 2016) (Table 1) might also cause cardiac problems.