Peripheral Arterial Disease in HSCT

Arterial diseases, mainly presenting as coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral artery diseases, are a group of late-onset complications of stem cell transplantation which are mostly attributed to atherosclerosisAtherosclerosis. Besides conventional risk factors, there are some transplantation-related factors that predispose recipients of allogeneic HST to atherosclerosis, including endothelial damage caused by conditioning regimen ± total body irradiation or graft-versus-host disease. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant is accompanied with an increased incidence and intensity of conventional cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertensionHypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, eventually leading to increased risk of arterial disorder. Detailed pathogenesis of arterial disease following HST and proper screening and preventive strategies are presented in the current chapter.