Conclusion

The concluding chapter highlights the key findings of this book explaining the relationship between the state and transnational society. Moving beyond the classical distinction between emigration and immigration countries, it brings to the fore the insights gained by a joined analysis of transnational immigration and emigration states. It argues that the entanglement of both forms of states shape a new field for international relations. This chapter goes on with a discussion of three potential scenarios for the future of migration governance and diplomacy depending on the world’s ecological and geopolitical changes and the ability to rebuild a framework for cooperation: (1) a populist upsurge leading to the subordination of the entire state and society to the project of selecting migratory flows; (2) the building of a multi-scalar governance involving international organisations, states and cities; (3) a governance framework made of a fragmented assemblage of agencies with competing agendas.