From Earth Economy to Space Economy: Harnessing Space Resources for Sustainable Human Habitats

The prospect of new extraterrestrial markets and economic systems, such as the Earth-Moon economy, has attracted considerable interest over the past few decades, largely due to advances in space technology and the growing recognition of space resources. This paper analyzes the development, challenges and potential benefits of establishing an Earth-Moon economic system. The paper addresses the environmental, economic, political and social challenges associated with such ventures. In particular, the lack of initial investment capital, the high indebtedness of distant frontier settlements (Mars, asteroids), and discrepancies in the values of potential objects of exchange. This article serves both as a review of the current state of knowledge and as a basis for future research.