Evaluating Main Odor Sources and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Compounds in the Whole Process of Municipal Solid Waste Treatment

Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration can contaminate the environment, leading to the “NIMBY effect” and negatively impacting society. MSW reduction, harmlessness, and recycling are critical issues in urban development. This study focused on a incineration and analyzed the odor pollutants. The concentration and composition of odor pollutants varied based on the incineration process. The highest total mass concentration of odorous pollutants was found in the closed garbage pit (127.90 mg/m3), followed by the leachate pool (61.95 mg/m3) and discharge area (47.04 mg/m3). The feed pit was identified as the primary source of odor emissions (60.65%), followed by the unloading area (18.59%) and leachate pool (13.35%). Health risk assessment revealed that risks were concentrated in the leachate pool, discharge area, and feed pit, with the leachate tank posing the highest health risk (HI 11.72, LCR 8.9 × 10–3). The cumulative threshold dilution factor of malodorous gas in the entire garbage disposal process was 48,167.51.