Desalination Methods

This chapter aims to cover methods, technologies, and applications of desalination systems, especially driven by renewable energy sources. Some historical developments and landmarks of desalination technologies are introduced and discussed. In order to raise awareness regarding freshwater scarcity, some important indicators and parameters are presented with charts and maps. The pathways to generate fresh water by using renewables are revealed and evaluated. The thermodynamic knowledge about making freshwater is recognized as critical for desalination. Therefore, thermodynamic aspects of desalination within the energy and exergy points of views are extensively presented.