Acid-Base Equilibria

This chapter presents acidAcid-baseBase equilibria and simple methods to calculate the pH of solutions. The inorganic carbon system in water is introduced, including the concept of alkalinityAlkalinity, and methods to solve carbon dioxide equilibria in water are discussed. Earth system science relevant examples such as rainwater, surface waters in equilibrium with calcium carbonate minerals, soda lakesSoda lake and the physical chemistry of karstKarst, physical chemistry systems are presented.