Thermal Energy Storage of Integrated Energy and Structural Retrofitting Systems for Masonry Walls: Cases Studies and Numerical Assessments

This paper presents ongoing research activities that investigate the development of carbon-neutral binder-based composites for Thermal Energy Storage (TES) and energy retrofitting in multi-layer stone masonry wall systems. The study involves preliminary laboratory characterizations of integrated energy and structural retrofitting systems for historical masonry walls, which incorporate EPS boards, mineral adhesives, natural fibres, thermal mortars, and Phase Change Materials (PCMs). Main aim of this paper is to report on a numerical approach for modelling TES and thermal responses of these systems in multilayer cases. Specifically, the fixed grid method is used to solve the well-known Stefan problem in Phase Change processes, and an enthalpy-based approach and apparent calorific capacity method are proposed for solving the multilayer wall heat flow phenomena. Three different virtual locations, including Genova, Italy, Sauce Viejo, Argentina, and Frankfurt (am Main), Germany, are selected as case studies. By analysing the total undesired heat loads to which the walls are exposed, the energy performance of the multilayer wall systems is assessed.