Introduction. Socioeconomic and Geopolitical Aspects of Global Climate Change. An Intersectoral Vision From the South of the South. Situation of the International Negotiation from the Paris Agreement (December 2015) and Its Latter Evolution. “We Were Few, and the Pandemic Arrived”

This chapter explains the main socioeconomic and geopolitical aspects related not only to the international negotiation process on climate change, but also to some fundamental concepts for understanding the difficulties of reaching an agreement in this negotiation, which are presented in the introduction. Heterogeneity is a key factor in explaining the existence of these difficulties, insofar as there are marked differences in the geographical distribution of expected impacts, the degrees of existing vulnerability, the capacity to face the challenges posed by climate change, or the incidence of economic impacts linked to the measures taken to mitigate or adapt to climate change, but also between the current and historical responsibilities for having reached the current situation.