Agricultural Biomass/Waste-Derived Adsorbents for the Abatement of Dye Pollutants in (Waste)Water

Adsorption is an effective and promising technology for removing a variety of pollutants from (waste)water. Many adsorbents are capable of removing pollutants. Among them, clays and clay minerals, nanomaterials, Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), Layered Double Hydroxides, Aerogels, Cryogels, Xerogels, etc. Based on the principles of the Circular Economy and Green Chemistry, agriculture biomass/waste, as renewable, non-toxic, and eco–friendly materials, has attracted the interest to produce adsorbents (raw and/or modified) to decontaminate (waste)water. This chapter contains information about the applicability of pineapples, pomegranate- and mango–based adsorbents to remove cationic and anionic dyes. Various adsorption parameters (solution pH, initial concentration, adsorbent dose, temperature, etc.) were explored in detail. Isotherm and kinetic modeling and thermodynamic aspects are also discussed. Maximum adsorption was determined to be 2.98–708.15, 5.42–288.34, and 17.75–1029.11 mg/g for mango, pineapple, and pomegranate-based adsorbents, respectively. The chapter's conclusions confirm that the investigated materials can successfully remove dye pollutants, and they also suggest a management strategy considering sustainability aspects for dealing with this kind of biomass/waste.