Research Progress on Carbonate Rock Weathering Carbon Sink

One of the most significant challenges facing the global carbon cycle is the imbalance in the global CO2 budget, which results in a large “land carbon sink” (Zhang et al. in Bull Geol Sci Technol 5:190–198, 2022). According to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the IPCC, this value reaches 2.5 PgC/year. Although studies have shown that vegetation and soil systems sequester approximately 0.9–1.5 PgC/year, the remaining carbon sink of about 1.2 PgC/year after accounting for the carbon sink of terrestrial ecosystems is still not well understood, and is referred to as the “missing carbon sink”, which has become a hotspot and a challenge in global carbon cycle research (Liu in Chin Sci Bull 2:95–102, 2012). Carbonate weathering, as an important process of land carbon sink, has received increasing attention. Although many studies have investigated the influencing factors and mechanisms of carbonate weathering, there are still some issues and controversies, such as the differences in the scale and rate of carbonate weathering in different regions, and the response of carbonate weathering climate change (Reay et al. in Nat Geosci 1:430, 2008; Walker and De Kauwe in New Phytol, 2020). Therefore, the background and purpose of this study are to further explore the influencing factors and mechanisms of carbonate weathering, to deepen the understanding of the overall picture of carbonate weathering, and to provide scientific basis for the formulation of relevant strategies to address climate change.