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Abundant, well-preserved, waterlogged macrobotanical remains were found in a thick cultural organic layer associated with the Late Neolithic pile-dwelling[aut]Pile-dwelling site of Ploča Mičov GradPloča Mičov Grad, Lake OhridLake Ohrid, North MacedoniaNorth Macedonia. Located in a biogeographically transitional zone between Mediterranean, alpine and continental regions, and on a topographically accessible link between imposing mountain ranges, the site presents a valuable opportunity to explore how, with the movement of people, plant foods[aut]Food and/or ideas, new subsistence strategies were established in the area. Here, we present the first archaeobotanical results from this lakeshore settlement[aut]Settlement to investigate changing subsistence strategies. We find that during the Late Neolithic occupation phase lasting an estimated 100 years, populations at the site of Ploča Mičov GradPloča Mičov Grad cultivated a range of cereals[aut]Arable farmingcereal (particularly einkorn, emmer, and barley), pulses[aut]Pulse () (including lentil, pea, and bitter vetch) and oil-seed crops (flax and opium poppy), alongside a variety of collected fruits and nuts (such as almond, pistachio, blackberries and strawberry). Crop processing techniques are inferred from the partially charred[aut]Charring, charred glume bases consistent with singeing of cereal ears to remove awns before dehusking and from the weed[aut]Weed seeds which resemble those found in fine-sieving by-products. Using functional weed[aut]Weed ecology, we infer that the[aut]Arable farmingagrosystem agrosystem[aut]Agrosystem at Ploča Mičov GradPloča Mičov Grad resembles high-input practices suggesting that cultivation was small-scale and labour-intensive. Such inferences are often not possible due to the preservation[aut]Preservation conditions of terrestrial assemblages, resulting in a lack of extensive weed[aut]Weed datasets in the southwestern BalkansBalkan/s and southern Europe more broadly. Archaeobotanical research on wetland prehistoric sites from this region is currently limited. Our new work highlights the potential of such sites in this area for better understanding of the spread of[aut]Arable farmingagriculture agriculture[aut]Agriculture and patterns of plant food[aut]Food use during the Neolithic in the southwestern BalkansBalkan/s.

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Archaeobotanical Investigations at the Mid-5th Millennium BCE Pile-Dwelling Site of Ploča Mičov Grad, Lake Ohrid, North Macedonia

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Amy Holguin,
  • Ferran Antolín,
  • Mike Charles,
  • Ana Jesus,
  • Héctor Martínez Grau,
  • Raül Soteras,
  • Bigna L. Steiner,
  • Elizabeth Stroud,
  • Amy Bogaard

摘要

Abundant, well-preserved, waterlogged macrobotanical remains were found in a thick cultural organic layer associated with the Late Neolithic pile-dwelling[aut]Pile-dwelling site of Ploča Mičov GradPloča Mičov Grad, Lake OhridLake Ohrid, North MacedoniaNorth Macedonia. Located in a biogeographically transitional zone between Mediterranean, alpine and continental regions, and on a topographically accessible link between imposing mountain ranges, the site presents a valuable opportunity to explore how, with the movement of people, plant foods[aut]Food and/or ideas, new subsistence strategies were established in the area. Here, we present the first archaeobotanical results from this lakeshore settlement[aut]Settlement to investigate changing subsistence strategies. We find that during the Late Neolithic occupation phase lasting an estimated 100 years, populations at the site of Ploča Mičov GradPloča Mičov Grad cultivated a range of cereals[aut]Arable farmingcereal (particularly einkorn, emmer, and barley), pulses[aut]Pulse () (including lentil, pea, and bitter vetch) and oil-seed crops (flax and opium poppy), alongside a variety of collected fruits and nuts (such as almond, pistachio, blackberries and strawberry). Crop processing techniques are inferred from the partially charred[aut]Charring, charred glume bases consistent with singeing of cereal ears to remove awns before dehusking and from the weed[aut]Weed seeds which resemble those found in fine-sieving by-products. Using functional weed[aut]Weed ecology, we infer that the[aut]Arable farmingagrosystem agrosystem[aut]Agrosystem at Ploča Mičov GradPloča Mičov Grad resembles high-input practices suggesting that cultivation was small-scale and labour-intensive. Such inferences are often not possible due to the preservation[aut]Preservation conditions of terrestrial assemblages, resulting in a lack of extensive weed[aut]Weed datasets in the southwestern BalkansBalkan/s and southern Europe more broadly. Archaeobotanical research on wetland prehistoric sites from this region is currently limited. Our new work highlights the potential of such sites in this area for better understanding of the spread of[aut]Arable farmingagriculture agriculture[aut]Agriculture and patterns of plant food[aut]Food use during the Neolithic in the southwestern BalkansBalkan/s.