Impact on Agricultural Crop Production Under Climate Change Scenario

Climate change and accompanying human activities and natural hazards pose significant challenges to sustainable agricultural production. Increasing agricultural productivity to feed the burgeoning population in the face of changing climate and degraded land resources leads to additional degradation and depletion of soil nutrient stocks. The changing climatic conditions and extremes negatively affect all types of food security, namely food availability, access, utilization and stability. Climate changes have an adverse effect on agriculture and different agricultural activity in different ways, e.g. variations in annual rainfall, global warming, emission of greenhouse gases (mainly CO2), fluctuations in sea water level, heat waves and modification in weeds, pests or microbes. The negative impact of climate change affects crop production and food security worldwide. These abrupt changes in climate variables impact crops’ yield, productivity, livestock, dairy and fisheries, which adversely influence food security and the global economy. Also, variation in the temperature and humidity may increase the insect and pest population, disease in plant population and uncontrolled spread of weeds in crop fields which are the other most prominent threats to crop production and food security. Food quantity and quality remain major issues for researchers because of the evolving environment. In order to evaluate food security comprehensively, future study on this topic has to consider population growth, agricultural output, climate change and water availability. Uncertainty in climate leads to severe economic risks worldwide as agriculture is (more vulnerable to this risk) involved. Timely forecasting the adverse weather pattern may reduce the loss and develop coping capacity among farmers. In this regard, the integrated application of Remote Sensing data and the GIS platform plays a crucial role in agricultural applications. Hence, adopting climate-resilient and sustainable agricultural practices may help vulnerable regions cope with the changing climatic scenario.