Land Use Change and Agro-Climatic Interactions

Climate change is the biggest environmental problem the world is now facing. Climate change is a powerless force that affects all world sectors and societies. However, the most vulnerable people are those who live in underdeveloped countries with few resources and in industries like agriculture that depend heavily on the weather. Even though Rajasthan, India’s largest state, is home to numerous significant minerals and serves as a museum of minerals, it lacks fundamental resources like fertile soil or arable land and water supplies. Due to a lack of the resources needed to succeed in agriculture, the state’s agriculture was primarily subsistence-based. But with modern technology, irrigation canals, and land-improvement initiatives, the state has improved agricultural productivity recently. The difficulty of climate variability now threatens Rajasthan’s agricultural growth. Planning must be given top priority in order to maintain Rajasthan’s agriculture developing at its current rate, and the most susceptible areas require immediate planning intervention. The goal of the current study is to use and assess moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) time series for agricultural crop area monitoring across the state of Rajasthan. A region’s climatic circumstances disrupt the agricultural cropping pattern, which lowers crop productivity. Numerous meteorological variables, including rainfall, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and length of daylight, have a significant impact on the cropping pattern. The most significant factors affecting agriculture are, by far, yearly rainfall and its distribution throughout the year, as well as the patterns of diurnal and annual temperatures. The study’s conclusion is land use/land cover (LULC) classification using NDVI pictures reveals that the northeast, eastern, southeast, and southwest portions of the research area are most influenced by Kharif and Double Cropping. On the map, Rabi crop covers fewer areas. In addition, we can see that the north-eastern and central regions of the study area were dominated by the years 2014–15, 2015–16, and 2016–2017. From 2011 through 2022, this classification demonstrates a lovely agricultural dynamic. Therefore, Rajasthan State is ideal for double cropping and Kharif. Rainfall and crop yield for the Rabi crop have a weak association, while rainfall and crop yield for the Kharif crop have a strong link.