Introduction

A unifying characteristic of various living organisms is that they can extract and consume energy in order to move, apply mechanical forces or deform their shape [1]. Collections of such self-driven agents fall under the name of active matter systems [2]. Due to the constant energy dissipation at the individual level, these systems are continuously driven far from thermal equilibrium. This characteristic allows them to exhibit a variety of intriguing phenomenons without any equilibrium equivalent, such as the emergence of collective motion [3, 4], self-organized structures [5–8] or activity-induced patterns [9, 10].