Myoclonus

Myoclonus, characterized by brief, shock-like jerks that can affect any part of the body, is common in the hospital setting, but often overlooked or misdiagnosed. This chapter delves into the complex phenomenology of myoclonus, including its classifications into positive and negative myoclonus, its myriad presentations, and the importance of astute clinical observation to ascertain its origin and etiology. Discussions of the spectrum of myoclonic disorders includes a framework based on neuroanatomical origins: cortical, subcortical, brainstem, spinal, and peripheral myoclonus. A comprehensive exploration of the therapeutic landscape reviews various anti-myoclonic drugs, primarily appropriated from epilepsy treatment, and insight into interventions such as deep brain stimulation. The chapter blends clinical acumen with practical management, providing a guide to the complexity of diagnosing and managing patients with myoclonus.