Fundamental Data Security Technologies

In this chapter, we introduce the fundamental technologies for achieving blockchain-based data security in HCN. First, we discuss basic crypto technologies from notations to hash functions. Second, we investigate basic blockchain technologies, with three exemplary blockchains, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Hyperledger Fabric. This will help us understand the working and design principles for blockchain-based applications. Third, we present state-of-the-art privacy-enhancing technologies for blockchain, including various constructions of the widely used zero-knowledge proof and anonymous credential techniques. Finally, we discuss computation models for blockchain and show how verifiable computations from cryptography or trusted hardware can boost blockchain efficiency and privacy.