Bioimpedance Spectroscopy – Modern Applications

Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is a non-invasive method for measuring fluid volume in tissues. The aim of this work is to present modern applications of BIS and future trends, focusing on detection breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), classification of lung tissue in identifying pulmonary nodules, fluid volume assessment in heart failure patients and blood glucose measurements. In PubMed database a phrase “bioimpedance spectroscopy AND applications AND reviews” obtained 12 publications. Narrowing the search area to years 2019–2022, 7 results left, therefore there is a strong need for creating new overviews of modern BIS uses. Earlier reviews did not focus on the description of specific applications, but only indicated the fields of interest and technical aspects of performing measurements, which, although equally important, do not present the latest solutions in the described area. A review of modern solutions and studies conducted with the use of bioimpedance spectroscopy allows to systematize the knowledge in this area and enables to see the direction in which the field is developing, and the research is carried out.