Simultaneous Extraction, Separation, and Characterization of Biomolecules from Microalgal Biomass

Several microalgae (MA) are used because of their significant biotechnological prospect for the synthesis of a variety of biomolecules. Making biotechnological approaches economically viable through the synthesis of molecules with a significant market value in a relatively cost-effective manner is the key issue. The majority of the bioactive substances build up inside the cells (as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, carotenoids, etc.), whereas allelopathic substances, extracellular polymeric substances, organic acid, an extracellular protein, and lipids are extracellular in origin. Both intracellular and extracellular substances require effective methods for their mining, retrieval, and refining. New advancements in physicochemical processes, such as supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and pulsed electric fields, are attempting to launch maintainable and scalable techniques to produce target yields from microalgae (MA) with extraordinary competence and clarity. This chapter is an attempt to highlight the different methods associated with the extraction, characterization, identification, and purification of biomolecules from algal cells and tissues. Efforts are being given in to highlight the mechanistic aspects and the various advantages of these state of art technologies.