Modelling of Phase Transitions in the Process of Cryopreservation of Biological Material

This study focuses on the advancement of new techniques for cryopreservation of reproductive cells at low temperatures, including sturgeon fish. The approach is based on smart freezing process control. To ensure cryoprotectant and reproductive cells are not damaged prior to vitrification, a piezoactuator is used to stir the mixture. This technique facilitates the intensive mixing of cryoprotectant, promoting the diffusion of the substance through the cell membrane. During direct vitrification, researchers observe a phase transition phenomenon in the presence of crystal formation. This study constructs a mathematical model to investigate this process while comparing numerical experiments to in situ experiments. The results obtained have implications for selecting optimal parameters required for the low-temperature preservation of fish reproductive cells.