Recent Advancements in Microalgae-Based Biofuel Production

Biofuels are fuels derived from biological materials or renewable carbon sources. Microalgae have emerged as a sustainable and renewable feedstock for third generation biofuels. Microalgae are considered ideal for biofuel production owing to several advantages such as higher lipid accumulation, rapid growth rate, higher photosynthetic yield, opportunity for wastewater treatment and carbon dioxide sequestration. Unlike plant based biomass, microalgae do not impart much pressure on agriculture and forest ecosystem. Microalgae are suitable for production of biofuels like bioethanol, biomethane, biohydrogen, biodiesel, bio-oil and biogas. The present chapter provides contemporary knowledge of microalgae-based biofuel production including microalgae cultivation, harvesting and biofuel extraction technologies. Advance strategies for improving algal strain and maximizing the cost affordability of biofuel production have also been discussed elaborately in the chapter.