Modelling and Assessment of Debris Flow Impact on Infrastructure in the Carpathians

Debris flows are water-gravitational processes which are characterized by specific geological, geomorphological and climatic conditions. Formation of the debris flow is characterized by non-stationary and avalanche movements, as well as a multi-phase formation process. The general technique and modelling of debris flow impact on infrastructure in the Carpathians have been proposed. They are based on the algorithms of debris flow loadings calculations. These algorithms are applying the fundamental hydrodynamic laws and empirical data. A calculating module for the simulating debris flow impact on infrastructure in the Carpathians has been developed. In order to show the capabilities of the developed model, the results of its application to the model site test are analyzed, and finally, the application to a plausible debris-flow scenario, taken from a case study, is discussed. The module is the instrument of debris flow hazard assessment and aims towards the identification of potential debris flow risks. The developed process-based model predicts the motion of a mass movement and could be applied for a better understanding of the vulnerability of mountainous areas and design appropriate protective measures to withstand the impact of potential debris flows in the Carpathians.