Introduction to Atopic Dermatitis (AD)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory skin diseases with rising incidence. It usually presents in childhood and can continue to persist into adulthood. The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis includes a dysfunctional epidermal barrier, skin microbiome abnormalities, and immune dysregulation. Features that are characteristic of the diagnosis are pruritic and eczematous lesions, which can present as acute, subacute, or chronic. Atopic dermatitis’ histopathology is mainly represented by spongiosis and perivascular dermal infiltration of T cells and macrophages. Atopic dermatitis has a chronic and fluctuating course that can lead to a decreased quality of life for patients, so it is important to recognize and treat AD when applicable.