Effects of Micro-Nanoplastics Exposure to Earthworms in the Soil System

Micro-nanoplastics (MNPs) are emerging contaminants that have been broadly identified as a danger to soil systems. MNPs are able to show toxicity and interact with heavy metals and other toxic elements in the soil systems, affecting soil productivity and causing toxicity. Earthworms are well recognized as farmers’ friends and their presence is important for retaining soil efficiency and health. The presence of MNPs significantly impacts soil macrofauna such as earthworms showing various harmful effects including mortality and reproductive toxicity. Keeping in view the above facts, this chapter focuses on the MNPs, including their source and characteristics in the soil environment, and their toxicity to earthworms. Furthermore, the combined effect of MNPs with heavy metals and organic pollutants along with the crucial challenges and future perspectives in reducing MNPs in soil environment are also discussed.