Micro-nanoplastics in the Environment: Current Research and Trends

Globally, abiotic and biotic components are presently under the greatest threat due to an alarming increase of micro-nanoplastics (MNPs) in the environment. MNPs are ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the food chain and reach the agroecosystem, animals, and human bodies. They can impair fertility, behavioral disorders, and obstruct the blood–brain barrier. It is essential to pinpoint the sources of microplastics (MPs) in the environment and take preventative measures to lessen their negative effects on the environment. Compared to terrestrial ecosystems, aquatic or marine environments have been extensively studied for microplastic pollution. Much research occurs on the mitigation of microplastic effects on many ecosystems. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive overview of current research and trends in microplastics in the environment. The effects of microplastics on various aspects, including the environment, soil organisms, plants, food webs, and human health, are discussed. The authors explore research gaps and highlight future research areas in micro-nano-plastics.