Diversity of Deviance and Dysfunction: Implications for Future Study

Implications for future theoretical and empirical work in the heterogeneity of dysfunction and deviance in family firms are discussed. Research that considers various types of potentially deviant or dysfunctional behavior in family firms is integrated, resulting in a proposed multi-level framework that potentially cuts across individuals, families, firms, and environments. Such a model can help organize research in this diverse area of scholarly and practical concern that transcends academic disciplines. The concept of microfoundations is used to link behavior by individuals and small groups to effects at the family, firm, and environmental levels. Alternative views of motivation to commit dysfunctional behavior are presented. Anecdotes from real-life examples are used throughout to highlight the connection between academic research and practical application.