Satiety Sensation and Its Associated Food Compositions and Flavors

Satiety, the feeling of fullness or satisfaction from eating, and food intake regulation can be used in managing weight and promoting healthy eating habits. Both satiety and food intake regulation are influenced by factors like food composition and flavor. A food composition, including macronutrients, water content, and energy density, significantly affects satiety, with protein and fiber being the most filling, while the satiating effect of fat is dependent on the type of fat. Foods with high water contents promote satiety, while energy-dense foods can lead to overeating. These nutrient characteristics of satiety-promoting foods emphasize the importance of a balanced diet with protein, fiber, and water-rich foods, while limiting certain fat and high-sugar options. Flavor, encompassing taste, aroma, and trigeminal sensation, is an important factor in food choices. Flavor is influenced by cultural background, previous experiences, and individual preferences. It can also play a major role in satiety as the sensory experience of enjoying and savoring flavorful foods can enhance the overall satisfaction of a meal, leading to a greater sense of fullness and reducing overeating. However, the research related to the relationship between flavor and satiety is still limited. This chapter has a focus on (1) the concept and mechanism of satiety, (2) food compositions that promote satiety, (3) flavors and satiety, and (4) major challenges and future perspectives. Overall, personalized nutrition, tailored flavor recommendations, and innovative techniques like virtual and augmented reality offer potential solutions in enhancing satiety, but cultural and social factors must be considered to ensure acceptance and appeal.