Evaluation of Charging Protocols for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Battery Equivalent Circuit Model

The concern for climate change and air pollution has driven the need for alternative fuel vehicles, with battery-powered electric vehicles (BEVs) emerging as a popular solution. Li-ion batteries are a promising technology for use in EVs due to their high energy storage capacity, ability to work in various temperatures, and long lifespan. However, their performance and longevity are vulnerable to degradation caused by deep discharge, overcharge, temperature fluctuations, and changes in charge and discharge currents. Thus, it is crucial to employ properly designed battery chargers to ensure optimal performance and longevity. Charging algorithms greatly affect the battery’s performance and lifespan, and several charging protocols have been developed with varying complexities and costs. The equivalent circuit model (ECM) is commonly used to evaluate and study Li-ion batteries. In this study, an ECM with a single RC model based on lookup tables is presented and used to evaluate five charging protocols. The simulations are conducted using a Simulink model to compare the charging time, cell temperature, and complexity of each protocol. The results provide insights into the charging techniques for better battery charging design.