A Critical Review of Marine Microfiber Pollution Routes, Toxicity, and Its Sustainable Remediation

One of the most prevalent micro-particle contaminants in aquatic environments is microfiber. As new pollutants, more emphasis has been paid to microfibers as an emerging environmental issue worldwide. Almost 10 million tonnes of fibers in which 65% synthetic and 35% non-synthetic are produced each year. Also, the most common kind of fiber in ecosystems is natural textile microfibers, which are fine threads made of synthetic materials like polyester, nylon, and acrylic. Several investigations have shown the trophic transmission of microplastics through aquatic organisms. Microfibers can enter ecological webs through the unintentional feeding of microplastics by living beings in an ecosystem. It has been determined that managing the textile parameter is the only practical way to stop synthetic textiles from shedding microfibers. This chapter concerns the production of microfibers worldwide, the sources of such fibers, their entry points into the ecosystem, as well as the food web, the potential danger they pose to aquatic life and humans, sustainable methods used to remediate them, and forthcoming difficulties. Education and community awareness will effectively raise public knowledge to reduce the ecological effects of microfiber pollution using sustainable approaches.