Bovine Respiratory Disease

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) represents one of the most important diseases of rearing and veal calves with enormous impact on animal welfare and the economic outcome of the dairy and beef industry. As a typical factorial disease, interactions between viral and bacterial infectious agents, host cells, abiotic factors (such as stocking density, ventilation, and air quality), and management factors (such as supply of colostrum and all in-all out) are decisive for the pathogenesis and the incidence on the farms. This review deals with the etiology of BRD, clinical signs, diagnostic approaches, therapeutical regimes, and strategies for prevention.