Complex Head Reconstruction in Syndromic Craniosynostosis Patients

Syndromic craniosynostoses can be considered the most severe diseases in craniofacial malformations. Crouzon syndrome, Apert syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome and Saethre-Chotzen syndrome are the most common syndromic diseases, pansynostosis is clinically similar to Pfeiffer syndrome. Some of the disease entities present with typical comorbidities (e.g. syndactyly in Apert syndrome). The resulting clinical problems of syndromic craniosynostosis patients are present in the brain, the midfacial area, the orbits, and also the region of the spine skull passage. The time and kind of surgery in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis should be judged from clinical symptoms and the extent of cranial deformity. Extended cranioplasty surgery approaches are mostly performed in the neonatal period. Some of these patients have to undergo multiple surgeries, even in childhood. This chapter demonstrates the cranioplasty approaches with connected orbital surgeries in patients with severe syndromal craniosynostosis.