Agapao and Agape as Possible Bases for the NTOS-L and NTOS-C Scales

In this chapter, we reviewed the final 39-item factor for possible underlying values that would lead managers/leaders to behave in ways measured by the final 39-item factor. Table 7.1 shows the 39 items of the final factor sorted by the phase 2 chapter principle and includes the values codes from the content analysis. Factor loadings for the 39 items ranged from 0.76 to 0.97. For the final 12-item optimized scale, factor loadings ranged from—0.86 to 0.92. We presented the possibility that the 39 items align with the concept of Agapao love and fit the definition of (Rokeach in Understanding Human Values. Simon & Schuster, 2008) instrumental values. We values-coded the phase 1 principles and produced 38 values that align with the concept of Agape love and fit the definition of (Rokeach in Understanding Human Values. Simon & Schuster, 2008) terminal values. We developed definitions for the 38 values. Then, we developed scale-development items for the 38 values that ask participants to state to what extent they ‘sense’ each of the 38 values, which will produce a measure of the organization’s climate. Chapter 8 presents the scale-development study. We conducted in-depth interviews with leaders who self-selected terminal values that they believed they had and explained the origin of their values, which included family, academic preparation, church, and the workplace.