Monitoring Disease Progression and Response to Disease-Modifying Treatments

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA), due to either transthyretin (ATTR) or immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, was previously considered a disease with severe outcome and with limited therapeutic options. Recent advances in diagnostic tools and the availability of novel drugs for ATTR and AL amyloidosis have led to earlier diagnosis and an improvement in outcome. There is currently no general consensus on timing and modalities of patients’ follow-up, which are mostly based on local standards, disease (AL vs. ATTR-CA, stage, organ involvement, therapeutic strategy), and patient (age, comorbidities, functional status) characteristics. In this chapter, currently proposed modalities for the monitoring of disease progression and of response to disease-modifying therapies in both ATTR and AL-CA are discussed.