Community-Based Sanctions: Probation and Post-Release Supervision

This chapter defines probation and traces the origins of probation from its early development to the present time. The organization and operations of municipal, state, and federal probation in the United States are explained. The role of the probation officer and an explanation of the ways the role of the probation officer has changed are examined. The post-release process (parole) is described, and the use of evidence-based assessment instruments in probation and parole is considered.