Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Optimal Selection of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Types: Evaluating Sustainability and Performance Criteria

Hydrogen fuel cells offer promising benefits for energy production, operating through chemical reactions between hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity and water. Their advantages span from high efficiency and low emissions to potential as a renewable energy source. However, challenges such as economic costs and safety concerns, owing to hydrogen's flammability and explosiveness, must be addressed for successful integration. The paper reviews prominent fuel cell types including Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC), Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC), and Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC), employing MCDA techniques to rank these cells in alignment with organizational criteria.