In recent years, there has been a growing interest in Indigenous knowledge as communities, researchers, and practitioners seek solutions to humanity’s most pressing and complex challenges. This entry foregrounds the role of Indigenous knowledge holders, individuals who embody the convergence of science and spirituality, functioning as living repositories of ecological, cultural, and spiritual wisdom. Through finely attuned sensory perception, these custodians interpret environmental and cosmological signals, knowledge that has sustained Pacific communities for generations in contexts of uncertainty and change. While their expertise remains vital for resilience and survival, many face structural and cultural barriers that limit the recognition and validation of their roles within contemporary governance and development systems. The entry calls for a reconfiguration of engagement that honors the authority, protocols, and relational foundations of these knowledge holders, ensuring they remain central to shaping sustainable and equitable futures.