The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is a new era, which is founded on rapid technological change. Leaders and leadership in the 4IR need specific competences, ways of leading, leadership styles, and a specific mindset to be successful and effective. This entry in The Encyclopedia of Leadership and Organizational Change explores what the 4IR is and how leaders and leadership are informed by the 4IR. Finally, the 4IR requires leaders to develop competences to lead organizations through change.